UK Labour leader and Prime Minister Andy Burnham has raised the possibility of the UK eventually rejoining the European Union, reopening a debate that has remained largely off the political agenda since Brexit. The government is expected to present several options at a UK-EU summit in November, ranging from closer cooperation to full EU membership.

Three Possible Paths

The options under discussion include maintaining the current relationship, joining a customs union, moving toward single market membership, or potentially going further toward full EU membership. Any major change would likely depend on the outcome of the next general election, expected by 2029.

EU Membership & Free Movement

Rejoining the EU or single market could restore freedom of movement, allowing British citizens to live, work, and study across EU and EEA countries. Full EU accession would require unanimous approval from all 27 EU member states and negotiations over the UK’s future terms.

Impact of Brexit on Mobility

Since Brexit ended free movement, British citizens have faced restrictions on long-term residence across Europe and generally can only visit Schengen countries for 90 days within any 180-day period. This has contributed to increased demand for alternative European residence and citizenship options.

Potential Impact on Investment Migration

If the UK regains European settlement rights, the main mobility-driven reason for British nationals to obtain European residency or citizenship would decline. However, tax planning, lifestyle, education, and wealth-preservation considerations would continue to support demand for European migration options.

What Could Happen Next

The UK is expected to present its preferred options at the November UK-EU summit. For now, any return to the EU remains a political possibility rather than an established policy, with significant negotiations and uncertainties still ahead.

Summary

A potential return to the EU or single market could restore British citizens’ freedom of movement across Europe, reducing demand for European residence programs and citizenship-by-descent options among UK nationals. However, any return would require negotiations with all 27 EU member states, and the UK would not automatically regain its previous opt-outs.